Although it is not a contagious problem, we can effectively reduce the itching and irritation by moisturizing the skin. Apply the solution to cotton or gauze. Finally, the side effects of excessive turmeric intake may include skin rash, headache, nausea, diarrhea, upset stomach, and yellow stools (11). The research also found that turmeric acid can inhibit T-cell activation, which plays a part in eczema. For example, areview published in January 2018 in theOpen Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciencesrevealed that oral curcumin may be an effective and safe treatment option for another chronic inflammatory skin condition: psoriasis. Eczema (or atopic dermatitis) is an autoimmune inflammatory skin disorder that affects people of all ages, especially among infants than adults. As a skin-care treatment, turmeric may also be used topically in the form of creams and serums. Mix one part turmeric powder with two parts water. Typically, when people use turmeric for specific health benefits, they turn to turmeric supplements. Research studies often use higher doses, which can range between 100 to 2,000 mg of turmeric and curcumin per day, according to a review published in August 2016 in the Journal of Medicinal Food. Note: Or simply apply a paste by mixing 1 tablespoon each of turmeric powder and neem leaves on the affected skin areas. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. I do recommend a diet high in natural foods and antioxidants but not for these things to be applied directly to the skin, says Lauren Ploch, MD, a board-certified dermatologist in Augusta, Georgia. If using turmeric powder, skip to step 3. Ultimately, though, the authors concluded that while oral and topical turmeric and curcumin supplements showed some promise in treating skin conditions, more studies are needed to confirm their benefits. It blocks. People with dry or sensitive skin are more prone to this skin disorder why because the skin produces less oil than the required amount and thereby loses its ability to retain the moisture. Mix into a thick paste and apply to skin. (2021). Note: Or simply mix 2 teaspoons each of turmeric powder with warm water to make a fine paste. Apply turmeric paste to the wound. Apply it on the face as a mask and rinse with warm water after 20 minutes. Oral supplements may also be beneficial, though research has not yet determined effective doses specifically for eczema. 2 oz of beeswax (optional) 6 oz of oil. Curcumin: a review of its effects on human health. It also lowers inflammation caused due to eczema(2). How to Prevent Blood Clot Using 5 Fantastic Natural Treatments? Mix turmeric powder, almond oil (or lemon juice or milk) and raw honey in a small bowl. Wash with lukewarm water. Decreasing inflammation by blocking the activation of the tumor necrosis factor, an inflammatory protein that becomes elevated with many conditions like obesity. Here are some tips on how to, Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. However, further research is required to determine the efficacy. October 21, 2014 - Turmeric paste of a dash of ground organic turmeric and a spoonful of organic virgin coco oil. 22.Oatmeal Scrub Oatmeal and Honey Scrub. If youre on certain medications (like blood sugar or gallbladder issues or kidney problems) then must consult your doctor before taking turmeric for eczema, as it boosts the effect of medications and may harm your health. Regular exercises along with yoga, meditation, and deep breathing exercises will help to enhance your immunity and also keep your stress levels down. Cant Stop Sneezing? However, further research is needed. Reduce heat and simmer for 10 minutes. Turmeric has other potential users, and it may be beneficial in the management of: Although more research is necessary to confirm the efficacy and safety of turmeric as a treatment for eczema, current evidence suggests that it has potential as a treatment for skin diseases. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. Talk to your doctor about using turmeric topically to make sure there are no potential side effects or interactions with the medications that you may be taking. You can use coconut oil for the best outcomes. Home remedies: What can relieve itchy eczema? Make a turmeric paste. Turmeric is unlikely to cause negative side effects on the skin. Do not leave the face mask on overnight, as turmeric can stain the skin. Turmeric milk strengthens your immune system and thereby prevents the action of microbes causing eczema on the skin. How Could Turmeric Prevent or Treat Prostate Cancer? 1 cup grated fresh turmeric root or 1/2 cup dried turmeric powder 1/4 cup melted coconut oil 1 Tbsp lemon or lime juice 2 - 4 Tbsp of water, only if using dried powder Pinch of salt Instructions In a small container or jar, mix the turmeric, coconut oil, lime/lemon juice and salt. As eczema and atopic dermatitis are inflammatory skin conditions, any compound that can help lower inflammation would be theoretically beneficial for easing redness and irritation. Drink plenty of water and consume a healthy well balanced diet along with getting a sound sleep to prevent this autoimmune skin disorders. As a skin-care treatment, turmeric may also be used topically in the form of creams and serums. Research studies often use higher doses, which can range between 100 to 2,000 mg of turmeric and curcumin per day, according to a review published in August 2016 in the Journal of Medicinal Food. And according to a review published in October 2013 in the Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, topical use of turmeric and curcumin is limited by the spices bright color, poor solubility, and poor stability at a high pH. However, some people showed allergic reactions to the spice, including contact dermatitis or hives in atopic dermatitis, or people with a history of multiple allergies. Useful Herbal Medicines You Can Grow At Home, Everything You Need to Know About Herbal Detoxes, Top 10 Antiviral Herbs To Keep You Healthy, The Beginners Guide to Combination Skin Care. Ayurveda is a holistic form of medicine based out of India that focuses on a balance between mind, body, and spirit to promote good health by balancing life energies, called doshas. While research is still emerging and ongoing, a 2019 systematic review of available evidence suggests that turmeric can be beneficial for decreasing symptoms of inflammatory skin conditions like eczema, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis. Cytokines are small proteins that are crucial in controlling the growth and activity of other immune system cells and blood cells. Then, take this paste and leave the mask on for 10 minutes. 4 frozen bananas, 1.5 cup of frozen raspberries, strawberries & blackberries blended with 1/2 water 1/2 almond milk & a spoon of each hemp, flax, chia & 1/4tsp turmeric paste.Topped with blueberries. Make sure to consult your doctor if you didnt get any relief from this eczema itching and skin flaking for proper diagnose and treatment. Although the spice has been used for centuries as a natural treatment for skin disorders, there is little research specifically on turmeric and eczema (4). Eczema isnt contagious, as in it doesnt pass to someone else if you touch an active rash. Stop using turmeric for at least 2 weeks before attending for a surgery why because it exhibits blood thinning effect will interfere with the blood clotting process both during and after the surgery. Surprising Ways to Use Goat Milk Soap for Your Skin, Suffering from Intertrigo? People who take certain medications like blood thinners (anticoagulants), antibiotics, antidepressants, cardiovascular medications, or cancer drugs should consult with their doctor before taking turmeric. Bring to a boil, and then lower heat to a simmer. Meanwhile, the Cocokind Turmeric Spot Treatment looks like a lip balm but is meant to be applied to the skin to unclog pores, fight inflammation, and fade dark spots. This is mostly seen in Bangladesh and India. The usage of turmeric as your spice in your daily diet will help to boost the immune system and thereby prevent the microbial action on the skin. Cytokines and their side effects. Even with small doses, this type of intravenous treatment may cause unwanted side effects, such as headache, nausea, upset stomach, constipation, and diarrhea (15). For example, it may play a role in treating arthritis, heart disease, and diabetes, according to the review in Foods. When released, they signal the immune system to do its job. Place 1 TB of turmeric powder at a time and stir into the oil mixture. I will make a salad dressing with a few dashes of turmeric, black pepper, cumin, tahini, apple cider vinegar and a tiny bit of pink Himalayan salt. However, there is little research in this area, and major complications have been observed. Try These Remedies! Turmeric is an excellent remedy that deals with a variety of skin disorders, including eczema. This combination works well by healing the irritated skin and clears eczema. Eczema outbreaks can be chronic or acute which affects body parts like face, neck, hands, ankles, upper chest and back of the knees. There are many different forms of eczema, and each persons eczema can present differently. Yet the effectiveness of oral and topical turmeric applications on treating inflammatory skin conditions like eczema and atopic dermatitis needs more research. Apply it on the affected areas and let the paste dry for at least 25 minutes. This will allow them to determine the actual benefits of turmeric in eczema and its effectiveness in decreasing inflammation. - Leave it for 15-20 minutes. Read: Topical turmeric for Inflammation Taking Turmeric orally for eczema and itching Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. The root stalks, or rhizomes, of turmeric are ground into a bright golden-yellow powder and used as a spice for coloring and flavoring food. It is caused by various factors like the weak immune system, dry skin, allergies, sweating, environmental irritants, stress, hereditary, hormonal imbalance, poor diet, etc. However, the spice may interact with certain medications, which can increase the risk of complications in some cases. Ground turmeric (the kind you use in cooking) doesnt absorb well into the bloodstream, according to areview published in October 2017 in Foods. What you need: Turmeric - 1/2 teaspoon Milk - 1 cup What to do: Add turmeric powder to boiled milk and stir well. Turmeric possesses potent antioxidant properties. Required fields are marked *. Turmeric supplements can provide the higher doses needed to see the benefits found in research studies. You can adjust the amount of yogurt (or milk) to adjust the thickness of the turmeric mask, but make sure that it's a firm paste that will stick to your face. Massage gently for a couple of minutes and let it sit for about 7 10 minutes. You could add turmeric to any dish you are cooking and not only reap its benefits but also add a flavor punch to the dish. Thus, its especially important for people in this group to ensure theyre getting adequate antioxidants. According to a 2019 systematic review, topical use of turmeric may help suppress excess production and block activation of the tumor necrosis factor and inflammatory cytokines. If youre looking to try turmeric for eczema, avoid intravenous treatment due to serious safety concerns. In studies on other skin conditions, topically applying turmeric-containing products allows for adequate absorption of curcumin (4, 9). Can turmeric help with skin inflammation? All rights reserved. Drink this turmeric milk once or twice daily. Leave . Peel and mash a small tomato to make a tomato paste. Apply this paste to the affected areas and rinse after 10-15 minutes with lukewarm water. Over 31 million Americans suffer from eczema, including infants and children. Kristen Gasnick, PT, DPT, is a medical writer and a physical therapist at Holy Name Medical Center in New Jersey. Check out these 12 natural eczema remedies to soothe your symptoms. Lets get started. Embarrassed by Constant Burping? Today, turmeric has been added to skin-care products to accomplish this, as well as treat a variety of skin concerns. They come in various forms, including: The maximum recommended dosage varies between a daily intake of 3 milligrams per kilogram to 410 grams. People may spend between one and three hours treating it each day, Turmeric is a flavorsome spice often used in curries. Possible Health Benefits of Turmeric for Eczema and Skin. Turmeric contains anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, making it an appealing treatment option for a variety of skin conditions, including eczema and atopic dermatitis. Herbal baths are beneficial for eczema patients. I usually do - teaspoon of turmeric powder to 1 tablespoon Greek yogurt. Turmeric vs Curcumin: Which Should You Take. Stir well to make a fine paste. Reduce heat to medium-low; cook, stirring continually and adding small amounts of the remaining water, until mixture forms a paste, 5 to 8 . You may need to add another few tablespoons of water if the mixture gets too thick. Seal and store in a cool, dry place for up to 1 month. Neem and Turmeric Turmeric combines with the antimicrobial neem leaves to create the perfect remedy for eczema. We link primary sources including studies, scientific references, and statistics within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. cup organic turmeric root powder 1 cup distilled or spring water 1.5 teaspoons organic black pepper cup extra virgin coconut or olive oil Mix turmeric and water in a small pot and cook on low for 6-10 minutes, stirring often, until it forms a paste. Rinse with warm water after 10 to 15 minutes.22 juil. Drink this turmeric tea daily to get rid of eczema and its symptoms. Fights Acne: The antibacterial and antiseptic properties of turmeric can help prevent and treat acne by reducing the growth . As it comes to supplements, it is recommended that you check with your doctor as the dosage and the usage of these supplements is variable and depends on the person. Aceclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), prescribed for fever and to relieve pain and swelling in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. Although there is limited research on turmeric and eczema, some people may still choose to use it. You can also add ground ginger at this point. Turmeric is a popular spice that contains curcumin, a powerful bioactive compound. Aside from its meal-enhancing properties, it can also help to boost health in a number of ways. Moreover, the spice contains a strong yellow pigment shown to stain the skin, which most people likely find undesirable (4). Your email address will not be published. That said, ground turmeric has been used for centuries as part of herbal medicine and is safe for use. Jger R, Lowery RP, Calvanese AV, Joy JM, Purpura M, Wilson JM. This means that it can be used more readily by the body before it is broken down and excreted. Turmeric (also called Curcuma longa botanically) is an excellent cure for eczema. The underlying cause of eczema is unknown, but a persons genetics and environment appear to be linked to its development (2, 3). 2020 research did observe some potential negative effects associated with consuming the spice, including: Doctors do not recommend turmeric for individuals who are allergic to Zingiberaceae plants, also known as the ginger family. After the paste dries, wash it off and moisturize the affected area with additional coconut oil. While olive oil contains healing and hydrating essential oils, turmeric is an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and healing agent. The Effects of Turmeric on Eczema and Atopic Dermatitis Turmeric contains anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and. Turmeric speeds up the shedding of dead skin cells and protects new skin cells from damage. Leave it to dry naturally and then rinse the area with warm water. Combine coconut oil, turmeric root, ginger root, and black pepper in a saucepan; add 1/2 of the water. 2004-2023 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK, a Red Ventures Company. Repeat regularly until your wound heals completely (usually within 3-4 days). Add olive oil and turmeric powder in nutmeg and stir well to make a thick paste. Learn what eczema looks like, what causes it, and how to. Hence, it is recommended that if you have a child suffering from eczema, take them to a dermatologist or other health care professional before using turmeric. Mix turmeric powder in boiling water and stir well. Combine water and ground turmeric in a small saucepan. Dosage: one capsule, 1-3 times daily between dishes Stir well and apply this paste as a mask on the affected skin areas. Apply a spoonful of oatmeal scrub on your skin and gently . Turmeric extract includes curcumin, a material with effective anti-inflammatory and also antioxidant properties. Apply the tomato paste on your whiteheads. Grind all these ingredients into a fine paste. Still, at least one study found significant improvements in eczema symptoms after using a topical cream containing the spice and other herbs. After this, lubricate the skin and apply a moisturizer for additional benefits. Food Stuck in Your Throat? Keep stirring until the mixture has . This is most commonly associated with turmeric sourced from India and Bangladesh (16). Researchers say the weather and seasonal temperatures can cause eczema symptoms to worsen in the spring and summer. Traditionally, folks have used turmeric in hopes of treating arthritis, indigestion, and excessive gas, along with boosting energy, according to Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects. When youre using a topical form of turmeric, you can choose either a micro-emulsion, gel, or ointment to apply to your skin. Chemicals like curcumin are natural compounds that bring down skin swelling. It also protects the skin from the pollutants, chemicals, and other environmental irritants. Note: Or mix 1 teaspoon of turmeric, 1 tablespoon of almond oil, 2 tablespoons of flour in 3 4 tablespoons of raw milk. Be sure to follow their dosage recommendation. Meanwhile, antioxidants protect your body against damage caused by free radicals, which are often found in environmental pollutants like cigarette smoke. It is not suggested to use turmeric supplements unless and until if there is no other choice of using turmeric for eczema. Last medically reviewed on September 15, 2022, Eczema is a common form of dermatitis that can interfere with daily life. Comparative absorption of curcumin formulations. Turmeric for Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Comparative absorption of curcumin formulations, A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the effects of turmeric and curcuminoids on blood lipids in adults with metabolic diseases, Curcumin: a review of its effects on human health, Curcumin and type 2 diabetes mellitus: prevention and treatment, Formulation and clinical evaluation of topical dosage forms of Indian penny wort, walnut and turmeric in eczema, Regulating lipid metabolism by altering the activity of enzymes involved to lower levels of, Reducing oxidative stress by increasing antioxidants (like superoxide dismutase) and increasing activation of enzymes (like lipid peroxides and glutathione peroxidase) which break down harmful free radicals that contribute to widespread inflammation throughout the body. Turmeric can potentially interact with these medications and may need to be avoided. It contains the compound curcumin, which has been widely shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Turmeric contains a compound called curcumin. Combine the turmeric and olive oil to make a paste that should then be applied to the impacted area. Treatment showed improvements in: However, researchers did not observe this effect 3 months after ending treatment. Add honey and yogurt (or milk). So, to soothe the irritated skin, prefer to use natural remedies for treating eczema in a safe and cost-effective manner. Apply this cream on eczema affected skin areas. Apply moisturizer and repeat the same process regularly until you get relief from eczema flare-ups. For more information about these cookies and the data collected, please refer to ourPrivacy Policy. Formulation and clinical evaluation of topical dosage forms of Indian penny wort, walnut and turmeric in eczema. DIY Remedies is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com. Why should you avoid eating cold drinks and foods when on periods? Furthermore, supplementing with this spice is usually studied in adults, so its unknown whether its safe for children. Stir well and cover it to steep for about 15 minutes. Add yogurt and lemon juice for brightening effects, antioxidant activity, and additional nourishment. 2. Place turmeric powder in a small bowl and pour enough milk. The intake of high dosage of turmeric may result in some serious side effects such as bleeding, diarrhea, gastrointestinal symptoms or contraction of the gallbladder. Continue adding 1 TB of turmeric powder and stir until a paste is formed. Its generally recognized as safe, and curcumin has been shown to have no adverse health effects in healthy people when taken in doses of up to 12,000 mg per day (9). Add half a cup of fresh, powdered, and ground turmeric to a warm bath. Add turmeric powder to boiled milk and stir well. Topically applied turmeric can therefore help promote faster wound healing and skin cellturnover to help alleviate the dry, scaly patches caused by eczema. Natural Home Remedies for Health & Beauty, January 8, 2018 By Sruthika Leave a Comment. If your healthcare provider suggests giving turmeric a try, you can purchase supplements locally or online. However, these products are specifically formulated for enhanced absorption, and applying pure turmeric to your skin will not have the same effects (4, 9). Turmeric Health Benefits Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZKVMy.How To Make Turmeric Powder: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Izaq5.Website: http://. Get the facts: Apple cider vinegar. NOTE - if making a paste for skin use, please use the following ratio and ingredients - teaspoon organic turmeric powder 1 tablespoon Greek Yogurt This is due to the possible risk of turmeric stimulating gallbladder contractions that may cause gallstones. Notice to US Food and Drug Administration of the conclusion that the intended use of curcumin is generally recognized as safe. (n.d.). Application of turmeric oil will help to heal the itching, redness, swelling, and irritation caused by eczema. Learn the differences between Paget disease and eczema. Step 2: Apply to face Before applying your turmeric face mask, wash and dry your face to remove any makeup or impurities. Today, some people have turned to oral and topical turmeric treatments to manage the symptoms of inflammatory skin conditions like eczema and atopic dermatitis. Do it once or twice daily. The most common side effect of using turmeric topically is skin discoloration since the pigmented golden color will stain your skin when applied topically. Apply this paste on eczema affected skin areas. However, there have been reports of lead poisoning from ground turmeric and supplements due to lead chromate, which is added to enhance the yellow color. Is Honey the Secret to Clear Skin if You Have Eczema? It also contains ginger and tea tree oil. Then share your experience with us in the below comments box. Alternative natural treatments for eczema include: Vitamin E has nutrient antioxidant properties, which may help reduce eczema symptoms in the short term. Kristen Gasnick, PT, DPT, is a medical writer and a physical therapist at Holy Name Medical Center in New Jersey. Continue the application of turmeric oil regularly until you get rid of eczema and its symptoms. Debra Sullivan, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., CNE, COI, 12 Natural Remedies to Reduce Eczema Symptoms, Dominique Fontaine, BSN, RN, HNB-BC, HWNC-BC. 1 tablespoon extra-virgin coconut oil 1 teaspoon ground turmeric 1 cinnamon stick or 1 teaspoon ground cinnamon Small pinch of black pepper Warm the milk, add the remaining ingredients and whisk to combine. RELATED: Turmeric Internally For Acne Add aloe vera gel. However, current studies are small or biased, not double-blinded. Drink two cups daily. Research on turmeric and eczema is limited. Potential of curcumin in skin disorders. Some drugs may be more effective when taken with turmeric than alone. Eczema, if not treated properly then it results in a lot of discomforts. Here we are preparing turmeric tea by adding black pepper to get relief from eczema and also provides you with a better digestion and healthy immune functioning. Turmeric and the curcumin it contains are recognized as safe compounds by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) with few side effects. Supplement kind: capsule. Still, keep in mind that the curcumin in turmeric has low bioavailability. So, this turmeric mask (especially for facial skin) will help you in getting rid of eczema. Take a sufficient amount of turmeric powder and mix it with oil, preferably coconut/olive oil and apply to the affected area. What is the best way to apply turmeric to face? Put your turmeric powder and water in a small saucepan and turn your burner on low. Turmeric face mask made of cup chickpea flour, 1 tsp of turmeric powder, 1tsp of sandalwood powder and almond oil gives blemish free beautiful skin. 5 new-ish complementary, alternative treatments for eczema. All you need is to add 15 30 drops of turmeric tincture to your herbal teas, juices or smoothies and consume it 2 3 times daily. Additionally, turmeric has been used for centuries to treat skin conditions such as acne, eczema, and psoriasis. Pour all the above ingredients in an iron vessel and cook it for a few minutes. Is the ketogenic diet right for autoimmune conditions? You're going for a paste-like consistency that will stick to your face without dripping. Though theres no cure for eczema, you can manage this skin condition by using a variety of approaches. Step 1: Mix In a small bowl, mix the turmeric powder, apple cider vinegar, honey and milk or yogurt. Leave for a few hours to overnight and repeat the same regularly to get relief from eczema. As soon as it thickens, turn off the heat. The drink contains nondairy milk, turmeric, and other spices. [Turmeric] has not been extensively studied, says New York Citybased Samer Jaber, MD, a board-certified dermatologist, member of the American Academy of Dermatology, and founder of Washington Square Dermatology. Then you may be suffering from eczema. People with atopic dermatitis have a weakened skin barrier, Dr. Ploch continues. Face preparation Some people may have used turmeric intravenously, but this route has led to serious reactions, including death (8). Still, its unknown how much curcumin might reach your skin (9, 10). 2014 Jan 24;13:11. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-13-11, Yuan F, Dong H, Gong J, et al. As it is known for warding off microbe or germ growth, curcumin in turmeric, which gives it the yellow color controls enzymes causing eczema. You can store this leftover cream for 3 4 days and use it regularly to get a cure for eczema. Note that while many people use the terms "eczema" and "atopic dermatitis" interchangeably, eczema is the name for a group of skin conditions that cause red, itchy, inflamed skin. Because of this, topically applied turmeric has good potential to be used as a treatment agent for inflammatory skin conditions compared to oral formulations of turmeric. Overall, turmeric has not shown many side effects unless consumed in very high doses or concentrations. Turmeric for eczema can be tried in the form of a warm bath, a face mask, or even with neem or coconut or olive oil as a paste. There are also limitations in the oral bioavailability of turmeric how much a person absorbs it, how effective it is, and the metabolism of it as a compound. To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we: We do the research so you can find trusted products for your health and wellness. When applied topically to your skin, curcumin has shown better bioavailability than when its taken orally because it is not rapidly metabolized in the gastrointestinal tract. The largest issue with a turmeric supplement to take into consideration is exactly how well it is soaked up and made use of by the body. All rights reserved. They may cause temporary staining of the skin but is not harmful. Wash your face with milk, if the turmeric has indeed left a yellow mark. 2005-2023 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. However, it may also be used topically. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Nutmeg helps a lot in reducing the irritation and inflammation associated with eczema. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of turmeric will help you in relieving itching, pain, and rashes caused due to eczema.