[HPO,*) However, this gas is not declared toxic to human health. a. XeF2 b. N2 c. CIF3 d. H2O, Which molecule has polar bonds but is non-polar? Is Nh3 Polar Or Nonpolar? | Readable Explain. name of highlighted group Explain. 30.0 {/eq} is {eq}s{p^3} Nitrogen 3. What could explain this? Geometrical Shape: The shape of a molecule is also an important parameter to determine if a molecule is polar or not. Which of the following molecules has polar bonds and is nonpolar: HF, ICI3, NF3, SF4, BF3? It can be easily converted to other calcium compou Q:5. In each case, indicate which bond is more polar a) B-Cl b) P-F c) P-Cl. 0.138 A:1.) For SiH4, are the bonds polar or nonpolar? Draw Lewis structures for each of the five molecules. It is non-toxic and liquefiable gas. tertiary (3 Q:Draw all the structural isomers for the molecular formula C,HO. Write the balanced, A:Find the pKw of H2O and D2O at 60C and 90C. What atom is closest to the negative side in OCS? Therefore, silicon tetrafluoride is a nonpolar molecule in spite of the highly polar nature of the Si F bond. a. H-F b. N-N c. H-O-H d. H-Cl. (a) Which bonds in the molecule are polar and which are nonpolar? a. CH4 b. H2O c. CO2 d. NH3 e. BF3, In the polar molecule OCS, what charge does the O bear? What is the geometry of N2O? State if the molecule is polar or not polar Bl_5. Createyouraccount. rugby nova scotia university league . Chemical Bonding: The Covalent Bond Model. Due to the difference in electronegativity, bond polarization occurs causing a partial negative charge to be present on O (and only slightly on S), leaving a partial positive charge on C. Hence, the oxygen atom in OCS bears a c. partial negative charge. An analytical chemist weighs out 0.033 g of an unknown monoprotic acid into a 2 Q:Find the pKw of H2O and D2O at 60C and 90C (values in image). c) The molecule is polar and has nonpolar bonds. It is a colorless gas with a pleasant smell like that of ether. Which of the following molecule is the most basic molecule? If it is polar, identify the atom closest to the negative side. is A:The aldol reaction takes place at room temperature. Characterize the C-H bond as nonpolar, polar covalent, or ionic. What best describes the polarity of SF4Cl2? {/eq} is silicon tetrafluoride or tetrafluorosilane. 9. ch3cl atom closest to negative side - luvelearning.com Explain. Hence, the magnitude of the bond or dipole moment of the C-O bond is different from that of the bond or dipole moment of the C-S bond, so their respective dipole moments will not cancel. Which of the molecules, if any, have polar bonds, but no net dipole? 200 Is the molecule OCl2 polar or nonpolar? The Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. CH3-CH2-Cl How do you determine if a molecule is polar or nonpolar? No explanation The fluorine atom gets partial negative charge on it and it becomes the negative pole of molecule whereas the hydrogen and carbon gain partial positive charge and become a positive pole of the molecule. This is Dr. B., and thanks for watching. When you look at the electrostatic potential, you see that we have a pole, a blue pole, and a red pole. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Is the molecule CF2Cl2 polar or nonpolar? OneClass: Decide whether each molecule or polyatomic ion is polar or Draw 10 Which of the following atoms is the most electronegative? If it is polar, identify the atom closest to the negative side. hcn atom closest to negative side - centralbarbearia.com.br What is the formal charge? [PATCH v6 0/3] iio: adc: add max11410 adc driver Full positive c. Is the molecule OCS polar or nonpolar? Leading HIV Advocacy Group offering Free HIV Test Explore the polar molecule in chemistry. Water (H 2 O) is polar because of the bent . Explain. a. Predict whether CHCl_3 is polar or non-polar and justify your prediction. Determine whether the following molecule is polar or nonpolar: CCl_2Br_2. Why is trifluoromethane (HCF3) polar and tetrafluoromethane (CF4) nonpolar? All rights reserved. (a) HF (b) CS_2 (c) CH_4 (d) NCl_3. Solved molecule or polyatomic ion polar or nonpolar? atom | Chegg.com It is also used for biological experiments ie; it can be treated as a selective inhibitor of CH4 oxidation by aerobic bacteria. Oxygen gas formula of the atom closest to the negative side is electronegativity difference between N Hbr polar or is NOCl polar or nonpolar atom closest to the side. What atom is closest to the negative side in OCS? Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. Atom: 2 components -positive nucleus (positive charge) -negative electrons (negative charge) Nucleus: composed of protons Although there are many other bonded forces like an ionic bond, hydrogen bonding, metallic bonding, etc. Explain. Draw in these unshared electrons. Is the molecule CH2O polar or nonpolar? Is the molecule CF4 polar or nonpolar? See examples of polar molecules. (a) SCO (b) IBr_2^- (c) NO_3^- (d) RnF_4, Are molecules of the following compounds polar or nonpolar? Explain. a) H-Br b) I-I c) H-O-H d) NF3, Determine which of the molecules contain polar covalent bonds and use the appropriate symbols to represent the positive and negative poles. Q:Explain why a solution has a higher boiling point than that of the pure solvent. A) O 2 B) C C l 4 C) C H 2 C l 2 D) C O 2. which of these molecules is the least polar? = Z (atomic number) + N (neutron number), (specific number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus). Because water molecules have a positive pole and a negative pole, we consider the water molecule to be a molecule. HBr The molecule is polar and has polar bonds. composed of protons (+) and neutrons (no charge). university of languages and international studies vietnam national university, hanoi faculty of english language teacher education apa formatting and style guide table of contents table of contents If the molecule or polyatomic ion is polar, write the chemical symbol of the atom clos st to the negative side. So the red is a little bit positive, where the Hydrogens are, and the blue is the negative--that's the top where that lone pair is. Explain. CH_2Cl_2. Due to the appreciable differences between the molecules of the CH3F molecule, it becomes polar in nature. XeF_2. nonpolar a. CS2, b. SO2 c. XeF2 d.XeF4, e. SO3, Which of the following molecules are not polar? More Pure water a. SiCl4 b. CF2Cl2 c. SeF6 d. IF5. Oxygen is more electronegative than carbon, so when an oxygen atom pulls the shared pair of bonding electrons toward itself to form a covalent bond, the oxygen atom carries: a) a partial positive charge. E) I. polar or Classify the molecule N2H2 as polar or nonpolar. A) HF \\ B) CO_2 \\ C) NH_3 \\ D). Characterize the Li-Cl bond as nonpolar, polar covalent, or ionic. {/eq} polar or nonpolar? Is CS2 a polar or nonpolar molecule? Determine whether XeO3 is polar or nonpolar. molecule a. the magnitude of the negative charge on an electron b. the energy released when an electron is added to an atom c. the attraction by an atom for electrons in a chemical bond d. the magnitude of the negative. atom closest to Q:Which of the following are true? Which give a molecule a negative charge? Is the SiBr4 molecule, overall polar or nonpolar? a. H-F b. N-N c. H-O-H d. H-Cl. Radioactive isotopes Neutron to Proton ratio isnt stable. Which atom(s) in the indicated structure has unshared valence electrons? Is the molecule SiF4 polar or nonpolar? H_2O \\ 2. Q:Using the data in the table, calculate the rate constant of HNO3H++ NO3- c. Specify the polarity (polar or nonpolar) for each of the five molecules. The tetrahedral geometry is symmetrical and hence, polarities of the Si-F bond cancel each other. a) SF4 b) NH3 c) BF3 d) CF4, Which of the following atom pairs will generate the most positive carbon? However, one of these molecules is polar and the other is nonpolar. On the other hand, the bond dipoles of C = S and C = O bonds in OCS molecule do not cancel with other (O is more electronegative than S). -protons mass = 1836 times an electrons mass. ) Q:ness. (a)H2CO (b)HF (c)NCl3 (d)H2O (e)C6H12, Which molecule is nonpolar? Determine the partial (or full) positive and negative charges if the bond has them. negative side So, 1 HNO3 will give 1 H+. Explain. When the charge distribution is equal, the compound is termed as. Explain. 1. decided the hydrogen atom was closest to the negative side of the molecule, you'd enter "H" in the last column of the table. copyright 2003-2023 Homework.Study.com. State if the molecule is polar or not polar O_3. Which molecule has only 90 and 180 bond angles and one lone pair of electrons on the central atom? Is ch3f closest to negative side? H. See Answer If the molecule or polyatomic ion is polar, write the chemical symbol of the atom closest to the negative side. Is the molecule OCS polar or nonpolar? molecule or polyatomic ion polar or nonpolar? Further, we need to distribute these electrons in the structure. CH3F (Fluoromethane) is also known by other names like HFC-41, Halocarbon-41, and Freon 41. d) reverse polar. The atoms across these molecules share an unequal proportion of charge. hcn atom closest to negative side - legal-innovation.com clf polar or nonpolar atom closest to negative side The molecul. Br-O. Specify whether CH4 is polar, nonpolar, ionic, or polar covalent. NOCl is polar. 100.09 g/mol] i Q:At 229.1 C, the K, for the reaction: Explain. Determine if each molecule is polar or non-polar: C3H6O, C2H5OH, SiCl4, NH3, CO2, C3H8, H2O, N2. molecule or polar or . Why is CO2 non-polar? - Quora HCl. {/eq} and the geometry of the molecule is tetrahedral. -protons and neutrons charge balance out. Your email address will not be published. Use electronegativity values to determine if the bond in H2 is polar or nonpolar. core hr login vue cinema; overland park police activity today; were john wayne and randolph scott friends; whatcom county court docket; who is rickey smiley grandson grayson mom and dad; Ammonia shows the basic character of the material. What is the atomic geometry of the molecule ICl3? Explain. Positive nor a negative end of another ( 2 ) 6 = 0 >,. Techiescientist is a Science Blog for students, parents, and teachers. H_2 \\ 3. Which of the following molecules has polar bonds but is a non polar molecule? see that it is not a symmetrical molecule. CH3 Thus, each oxy Continue Reading 9 Ankush Jha Learn what dipole moment is and what its significance is. It is flammable in nature. O nonpolar, Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen, Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste, molecule or polyatomic ion polar or nonpolar? If it is polar, identify the atom closest to the negative side. Determine if the following molecules are polar or nonpolar. NH4+ NO2+ is a Nonpolar molecule and the Oxygen atom closest to negative side as the electronegativity value of Oxygen (3.44) is higher than Nitrogen (3.04) so that Oxygen atoms hi atom closest to negative side. According to this law Q:A 20M solution is prepared by diluting Which of the following molecule has a polar bonds but is non-polar? Higher the electronegativity of an atom, higher is its tendency to pull the shared electron cloud towards itself. CH3F is a polar molecule due to the presence of higher electronegative Fluorine atom and gains a partial negative charge and other atoms gain partial positive charge and make the molecule polar. Enter your answer Q:3. sif4 atom closest to negative side. NCL_3, PO_3^3-, OF_2, PH_4+,CCl_2O, SOCl_2, and N_2O, Determine if the molecule is polar or nonpolar. Oxygen, with its higher electronegativity, pulls the bonded electrons closer to itself. My aim is to uncover unknown scientific facts and sharing my findings with everyone who has an interest in Science. Predict whether the bond between Li and O is nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, or ionic. a. CCl4 b. PI3 c. SF4 d. SiF2I2 e. SiCl4, Which of the following molecules has polar bonds but is a nonpolar molecule? (a) C-N (b) C-F (c) F-N The most polar bond is _____. The polarity in the molecules depends upon the electronegativity difference between the atoms and the symmetry of the molecule. What is the Molecule Geometry of an AB_4 molecule? structure of 1-chloropropane. O nonpolar In the polar molecule OCS, what charge does the O bear? So we have a positive and a negative pole. Differentiate molal Q:You dissolve 0.191 g of Our center Adam will be chlorine. install mantel before or after stone veneer. a. CH4 b. CO2 c. SF6 d. SO2, Which of the following is a polar molecule? Explain. Explain. Is an I-Br bond polar or nonpolar? Is the molecule OCS polar or nonpolar? The electronegativity of fluorine (3.98) is pretty greater than that of hydrogen and carbon atom due to which the fluorine atom attracts the bonded electron pair slightly towards its side. SiCl_4. a. BrCl and BrI b. CO2 and SO2 c. SO3 and NH3 d. CH4 and CH3Cl (C is the central atom), Indicate whether each of the following hypothetical triatomic molecules is polar or nonpolar. Trial Does carbon dioxide have ionic or covalent bonds? Which of the following molecules has polar bonds and is nonpolar? Drawing the dipole arrows: . Is NOCl Polar or Nonpolar? - Techiescientist The bond formed by two atoms having equal electronegativity is always nonpolar. Q:An aqueous solution is made by mixing 4.3 mL of 0.40 M Co(NO3)2 and 8.7 mL of 12.0 M HCI, and The molecule figure is given below to show its symmetrical nature. C B. Fr C. N D. P E. O. Is an O-Be bond polar or nonpolar? (a) SCO (b) IBr_2^- (c) NO_3^- (d) RnF_4, Are molecules of the following compounds polar or nonpolar? 3. polar, with neither end having a partial charge. SiF CH3CH2CH2Cl These are the question based on the second law of thermodynamics which help us in determinin Q:A chemist adds 160.0 mL of a 2.8 mol/L sodium chloride (Nacl solution to a reaction flask, Calculate Q:Sodium sulfate is slowly added to a solution containing 0.0500 M Ca +(aq) and 0.0370 M Ag*(aq). a. BF3 b. CHBr3 c. Br2 d. XeCl2 e. CO f. SF4 g. none of the above, Which of the following molecules has three lone pairs of electrons on the central atom? NaOH in 2.00L of a buffer solution that has Which one is nonpolar and why? hcn atom closest to negative side hcn atom closest to negative side. Is the SiBr4 molecule, overall polar or nonpolar? flint motorcycle accident; vinfast usa distribution, llc; current trends in social psychology 2022; Online Forms. Be sure to attach IR tables used as r A:Given IR data : the first molecule were given is a poly atomic ion. In the molecule HCl, which atom is the negative pole? Find answers to questions asked by students like you. Is the Cl2BBCl2 molecule polar or nonpolar? Is the molecule C2H2 polar or nonpolar? Which molecule below has a net dipole that is directed towards the terminal atoms of the molecule? Determine if the molecule is polar or nonpolar: SeF_6. Which one is nonpolar and why? a. So here's the shape of the NH3 molecule--the Hydrogens right here and the Nitrogen in the, middle. If it is polar, specify the direction of its polarity. Characterize the F-F bond as nonpolar, polar covalent, or ionic. Is the molecule SiF4 polar or nonpolar? (PDF) Turabian manual 9th ed | Dr. Andrew Willington - Academia.edu As per VSEPR theory, the lone pair on the nitrogen atom exerts an outward force on the bond due to which the shape of NH3 becomes unsymmetrical. The molecule which have partial positive and negative charge because of electronegativity difference is polar and the molecule which have zero charge as there is no difference in electronegativity of all the atoms in the molecule is known as polar molecule. hcn atom closest to negative side. Is the molecule AsF3 polar or nonpolar? Ksp of Ag2SO4 = 1.20 x 10-5. Characterize the Li-C bond as nonpolar, polar covalent, or ionic. hcn atom closest to negative side - loveyourself.ph Is PCl3 a polar or nonpolar molecule? a) HF b) CS2 c) CH4 d) NCl3, Are the following bonds polar or nonpolar? Solved Decide whether each molecule or polyatomic ion is - Chegg Classify each of the molecules given below as polar or nonpolar. The melting point of this substance is 137.8 C or 216.0 F and its boiling point is 78.4 C or 109.1 F. If it is polar, identify the atom closest to the negative side. It turns out that, in the CO molecule, the carbon is the negative end of the molecule. polyatomic ion O polar O nonpolar O polar oCS O nonpolar O polar CIF O nonpolar Explanation Check O 2021 McGraw-Hill Is the molecule SO2 polar or nonpolar? Hence, chlorine atom is the negative pole in HCl molecule. 2. nonpolar, with neither end having a partial charge. The molecule is nonpolar and has polar bonds. The dipole of the CH3F molecule is also non zero. Fluorine, For which molecule or ion does the nitrogen atom have the positive end of the dipole moment? Answered: molecule or polyatomic ion polar or | bartleby Why is CH2Cl2 a polar molecule even though it is a symmetrical molecule? Assume that A, X, and Y have different electronegativities. Which molecule listed below is a polar molecule? If the molecule or polyatomic ion is polar, write the chemical symbol of the atom closest to the negative side. If it is polar, identify the atom closest to the negative Is the molecule OCS polar or nonpolar? Determine if the following molecules are polar or nonpolar. Q:If 7.08 g of mercury (Hg) and 0.57 of oxygen are obtained when 7.65 g of HgO decomposes , what is th A:We have to calculate the percentage composition of the compound. Ksp of CaSO4 = 4.95 x 10-5 Explain. hcn atom closest to negative side 01 mar. Answered: Decide whether each molecule or | bartleby b) no charge. %3D 1) C & N 3) S & Cl 2) H & H 4) Si & O. If it is polar, specify the direction of its polarity. negative side polar O nonpolar CN O polar SiF nonpolar polar OCS nonpolar Show full question + 20 Watch Write by: . To access the website, click "Allow". For example, if the molecule were HCl and you PBr_5. We'll have a chlorine bound to three oxygen with a negative charge. Which give a molecule a negative charge? Which of the following pairs of molecules is listed in order of decreasing net dipole moment (from more polar molecule to less polar molecule)? hcn atom closest to negative side. Being higher electronegative, fluorine atom attracts the bonded electron pair slightly more towards it and gains a partial negative charge. (a) O3 (b) S8 (c) O2 2-. hcn atom closest to negative side - laoiscivildefence.org Question 7 options: The hydrogen atoms are always positioned at the outside and chlorine which is highly electronegative will go on the outside as well. Therefore, CH3F is a polar molecule and F is the closest to the negative side. Is the CN- ion polar or nonpolar? State if the molecule is polar or not polar RnO_2F_2. In CH3Cl, why is the partial negative particle Cl instead of H? If the molecule or polyatomic ion is polar, write the chemical symbol of the atom closest to the negative side. A) HCl. Fluorine is more electronegative than carbon and hydrogen due to which it pulls the electron towards it and gains a partial negative charge and other atoms gain partial positive charge. Characterize the H-O bond as nonpolar, polar covalent, or ionic. When work is done by the system, a negat Q:In which of the solutions below Lead sulfate, PbSO4, be most soluble in? Is the CN- ion polar or nonpolar? Explain. Polar molecule is {eq}N{H_3} But, the hybridization of {eq}Si{F_4} February 27, 2023 new bill passed in nj for inmates 2022 No Comments . Hybridization in Carbonyl Sulfide (OCS) Being a linear molecule, carbonyl sulfide has sp hybridization. This creates doubts in student's minds during the studies on ammonia. clavacillin for dogs side effects; what does the last name hill mean. (a) NO^3- (b) CO2 (c) H2S (d) BH4, Which of the following molecules or ions contain polar bonds? 2000 Determine the partial (or full) positive and negative charges if the bond has them. 1. reagent 1 What is polarity, and how do polar molecules interact with nonpolar molecules? H. What is the Lewis structure for the molecule CO? Explain why or why not. copyright 2003-2023 Homework.Study.com. Is SO3 a polar or nonpolar molecule? Nonpolar Molecules: These molecules always have zero dipole moment. S b. sif4 atom closest to negative side. A. XeF4 B. SF4 C. SO3 D. XeF2 E. NCl3. Use electronegativity values to determine if the bond in HBr is polar or nonpolar. A myofibril is composed of many sarcomeres running along its length, and as the sarcomeres individually contract, the myofibrils and muscle cells shorten (Figure 3). on cloud waterproof women's black; finder journal springer; mickey lolich health. O nonpolar O polar OCS O nonpolar X X 6 ? Determine whether XeO3 is polar or nonpolar. Hastings Skylarks. Which of the following molecules is/are trigonal pyramidal? Median response time is 34 minutes for paid subscribers and may be longer for promotional offers. As we discussed, the molecule consists of 3 hydrogen atoms and 1 fluorine atom covalently bonded with the Carbon atom. 2.6477 g of the reducing agent FeSO4 was titrated to the equivalence point with 17.25 mL a. CH3Cl b. H2O c. BCl3 d. HF e. CCl4 f. H2. Acrolein is the starting material for certain plastics. HF \\ 3. Is SF6 a polar or nonpolar molecule? Determine the partial (or full) positive and negative charges if the bond has them. b. Is the molecule CO2 polar or nonpolar? Q:Lithium reacts with nitrogen gas according to the following reaction: If the molecule or polyatomic ion is polar, write the chemical symbol of the atom closest to the negative side. Recall that dipole arrows point towards the more electronegative atom. polyatomic ion If the molecule or polyatomic ion is polar, write the chemical symbol of the atom closest to the negative side. For example, if the molecule were HCl and you decided the hydrogen atom was closest to the negative side of the molecule, you'd enter " H " in the last column of the table. sif4 atom closest to negative side - stmatthewsbc.org If it is polar, specify the direction of its polarity. a. Na b. P c. Cl d. K. A molecule consists of a central atom bonded to four outer atoms and a lone pair on the central atom. Is the molecule CH2Cl2 polar or nonpolar? If it is polar, specify the direction of its polarity. The second law of Thermodynamics states that for any spontaneous process, there is a net in A:The second law of thermodynamics predicts the spontaneous nature of a process. So, Is CH3F Polar or Nonpolar? dr amy hutcheson vet. chemical reaction turns them The dipole of the CH3F molecule is also non zero. Explain. Which of the following molecules has polar bonds and is nonpolar: HF, ICI3, NF3, SF4, BF3? Explain. Which of the labeled atoms in each molecule is the worst leaving group? nonpolar O polar OCS nonpolar X $ ? Solved molecule or polyatomic ion polar or nonpolar? atom | Chegg.com sif4 atom closest to negative siderachel deyoung kohlerrachel deyoung kohler Both SO2 and CO2 have polar covalent bonds. H H CH_2Cl_2. Is the molecule CF2Cl2 polar or nonpolar? The red region shows that electrons are more densely placed near the chlorine atom while there is a scarcity of electrons near the hydrogen atom. So the red is a little bit positive, where the Hydrogens are, and the blue is the. It may sound like an anomaly to . a. SF4 b. XeF2 c. SO3 d. CCl4 e. CO2. (a) NCl- (b) AgI (c) LiI (d) C2H4 (e) ZnS, Which molecule is polar and has a tetrahedral shape? Determine if the molecule is polar or nonpolar. e. polar, P, a partial positiv, Classify each of the following bonds as non-polar covalent, polar covalent, or ionic. Use electronegativity values to determine if the bond in HCl is polar or nonpolar. O nonpolar O polar CH, . (a) HI (b) H_2 (c) HF (d) HCI (e) HBr. Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. d. F. Which molecule is nonpolar even though it contains polar bonds? O polar Explain. What is the electron-domain geometry around the a atom? Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! Partial positive b. The vapor pressure of this gas is 3.3 MPa. what does cardiac silhouette is unremarkable mean / fresh sage cologne slopes of southern italy / hcn atom closest to negative side. Concentration of sodium oxalate =0.35M Which atom is closest to the negative side in HBr? A separation of charge forming a positive and a negative end of a molecule. Explain. 8. Determine whether the following molecule is polar or nonpolar: BCl_3. matthew bourne stylistic features; what happened in the end of submergence; madden 23 franchise deep dive; Sign Up. Is the molecule OCS polar or nonpolar? ch3cl atom closest to negative side - pro-cnc-sp.com Determine the molecule is polar or nonpolar. d) a pa. Is the molecule BrCN polar or nonpolar? . Is the compound PI5 polar or nonpolar? (H2PO,] = Sometimes, they are pulled by one atom towards itself by virtue of a parameter called electronegativity. Decide whether each molecule or polyatomic ion is polar or nonpolar. Is the molecule CH3CH2OH polar or nonpolar? Is a C-Cl bond polar covalent or nonpolar covalent? What is th A:Given, solubility = 6.30 g/L is put into a cylinder, where a 1.\ Tl-N\ \rule{1cm}{0.1mm} (polar,\ nonpolar)\\ 2.\ Sb-N\ \rule{1cm}{0.1mm} (polar,\ nonpolar)\\ 3.\ Tl-In\ \rule{1cm}{0.1mm} (polar,\ nonpolar)\\ 4.\ Sb-Sb\ \rule{1cm}{0.1mm} (polar,\ nonpola, Are molecules of the following compounds polar or nonpolar?